Data-base for the Last Glacial Maximum

The following Figure shows for which localities dated materials exist, which give direct information about the vegetation cover for the period of the LGM. It is however obvious that for the LGM the data-density varies considerably over the whole study area. Very helpful are the numerous pollen profiles from the Atlantic ocean west of Western- and Central Africa. In East Africa however, there is no usable data from the Indian Ocean.

Please click on the red points to get more information on the locations.

  Abbreviations:
  P = Pollen; LLV = Lake level variations, LF = Limnic faunal remains, MR = Macro remains, MF = Marine fauna
 

Consec. No.	No.	Location	Type	Dating	Lat(°)	Lon (°)	Altitude (m)	References
1	1	Lake Rutundu, Mt. Kenya, Kenya	P	18000-2000BP	-0°02'	37°18'	3140	Coetzee, J. A. (1967)
2	2	Sacred Lake, Mt. Kenya, Kenya	P	33350-3000BP	-0°10'	37°19'	2400	Coetzee, J. A. (1967)
3	3	Mahoma Lake, Ruwenzori, Uganda	P	14750-3000BP	0°21'	29°58	2960	Hamilton, A. (1972)
4	4	Muchoya Swamp, Ruanda	P	24000-1200BP	-1°14'	29°24'	2256	Morrison, M.E.S. (1968)
5	5	Pilkington Bay, Uganda	P	18000-860BP	0°18'	33°20'	1134	Kendall, R. L. (1969)
6	6	Ijenda, Burundi	P	22000-1900BP	-3°29'	29°33'	2150	Roche, E. & Bikwemu, G. (1989)
7	29	Wadi el Akarit, Tunisia	P	28100-19900BP	34°06'	10°00'	400	Brun, A. (1987)
8	8	Mt. Elgon-Laboot Swamp, Kenya	P	28000-4000BP	0°57'	34°37.5'	2880	Hamilton, A. (1982), Hamilton, A. (1987)
9	9	Lake Mobutu, Uganda	P	29900-2920BP	1°50'	31°10.2'	619	Sowunmi, M.A. (1991)
10	11	Ziway-Shala, Ethiopia	LLV	22000-2000BP	7°45'	38°40'	390	Gasse, F. et al. (1980)
11	12	Niari, Congo	soil	14790-0BP	-4°24'56''	11°57'11''	-	Schwartz, D. (1991), Schwartz, D. et al. (1992)
12	14	Lake Naivasha, Kenya	LLV	20290-1740BP	-0°45'	36°20'	1890	Maitima, M.J. (1991)
13	15	Lake Nakuru, Kenya	LLV	29320-0BP	-0°15'	36°04'	1762	Richardson, J. L. & Richardson, A. E. (1972)
14	16	Lake Cheshi, Zambia	MR	31000-0 BP	-9°05'	29°45'	928	Stager, C. (1988)
15	17	Bilma, Niger	P	21490-3740BP	18°46'	12°50'	310	Schulz, E. (1994)
16	18	Kashiru Swamp, Burundi	P	31000-4350BP	-3°28'	29°34'	2104	Bonnefille, R. & Riollet, G. (1988)
17	19	Cherangani Hills, Kaisungor Swamp, Kenya	P	27750-2000BP	1°12'	35°15'	2900	Coetzee, J. A. (1967)
18	21	Lake Abhé, Ethiopia	LLV	20000-0BP	11°15'	42°00'	240	Gasse, F. & Street, F.A. (1978b), Gasse, F. (1977)
19	23	Lake Bogoria Basin, Kenya	LLV	20000-2000BP	0°17'	36°05'	990	Tiercelin, J.J. et al. (1981)
20	24	Simen-Mountains, Ethiopia	GS	20000-18000BP	13°00'	38°00'	4543	Hurni, H. (1982)
21	25	Ofuabo creek, Niger-Delta	P	35000-500BP	4°33'	6°26'	0	Sowumni, M. A. (1981)
22	27	Lake Chad	LLV	18000BP	13°44'	16°30'	280	Adams, L. J. & Tetzlaff, G. (1985)
23	28	Dar Fatma, Ain Draham, Tunisia	P	33700-4200BP	36°48'	8°38'	780	Ben Tiba, B. & Reille, M. (1982)
24	30	Tigalmamine, Marokko	P	18000-0BP	32°54'	-5°21'	1626	Lamb, H. F. et al. (1989), Lamb, H. F. & Gasse, F. (1995)
25	31	Gebel Gureinat, Sudan	LLV	29300-3665BP	16°57'	27°18'	-	Pachur, H.J. & Hölzmann, P. (1991)
26	34	Sebka de Kasserine, Tunisia	LF	17000-6000BP	35°13'	8°43'	700	Rognon, P. (1987), Molle, H. G. & Brosche, K.U. (1976)
27	36	Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana	P	27380-0BP	6°32'	-1°23'	100	Maley, J. (1991)
28	40	Shiba Ngandu, Zambia	P	22000-0BP	-11°15'	31°45'	1400	Livingstone, D. A. (1971)
29	42	Kroumirie, Tunisia	P	35000-200BP	36°52'	8°50'	780	Brun, A. (1989)
30	43	Gabes, Kneiss, Kerkennah, Tunisia	P	27000-200BP	33°52'	10°06'	-	Brun, A. (1989)
31	44	Lake Victoria	LLV	18000/8000BP	1°00'	33°00'	1134	Hamilton, A. (1974); Kendall, R. L. (1969)
32	48	Walikale, Zaire	P	18000BP	-1°16'51''	27°48'11''	662	Runge, J. & Runge, F. (1995)
33	49	Kamiranzowu Swamp, Ruanda	P	38000-14000BP	-2°25'	29°18'	-	Hamilton, A. (1987)
34	65	Mhiris el Hamrane, Tunisia	P	33700-4200BP	36°42'	8°42'	550	Ben Tiba, B. & Reille, M. (1982)
35	74KL	Arabian Sea	Carb.	20580-1280BP	14°19'	57°20'	-3416	Sirocko, F. et al. (1993)
36	77	Agdal, Algeria	LF	34800-13060BP	29°41'	-1°55'	-	Fontes, J.C. & Gasse, F. (1991)
37	87	Lake Albert, W-Uganda	P	30000-0BP	1°50'	31°10'	619	Beuning, K.R.M. et al. (1997)
38	94	Wadi el Akarit, Tunisia	LLV, LF, P	30480-7690BP	34°06'	10°00'	400	Fontes, J.C. & Gasse, F. (1991), Brun, A. (1987)
39	100	Lake Shala, Ethiopia	LLV	>40000-0BP	7°30'	38°30'	-	Gasse, F. & Street, F.A. (1978)
40	106	Termit Ouest, Niger	LF	20000-6900BP	16°53'	11°11'	330	Faure, H. et al. (1963)
41	118	Tin Ouaffadene, Niger	LF	19900-7325BP	20°10'	9°07'	300	Fontes, J.C. & Gasse, F. (1991)
42	119	Adrar Bous, Niger	LF	30670-7520BP	20°19'	8°59'	700	Fontes, J.C. & Gasse, F. (1991)
43	129	Mubwindi Swamp, SW-Uganda	P	>43000-0BP	-1°04'45''	29°45'	2100	Marchant, R. et al. (1997)
44	146	Erg of Nagashush, Sudan	LLV	29300-7400BP	16°59'	27°47'		Pachur, H-J. et al. (1990)
45	8057B	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	19100-2900BP	37°41'	-10°05'	-2811	Hooghiemstra, H. et al. (1992)
46	Hv 11776	Ruki, Zaire	P	18000BP	-0°05'0''	18°40'0''	-	Preuss, J. (1990b)
47	Hv 12945	Imbonga, Zaire	P	18000BP	-0°42'7''	19°43'5''	20	Preuss, J. (1990b)
48	GIK 13289-2	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	18000BP	18°05'	-18°01'	-2490	Hooghiemstra, H. et al. (1987)
49	KS 78007	Atlantic, off NW-Africa	P	18000-8000BP	34°19'	7°01'	-700	Marret, F. & Turon, J.-L. (1994)
50	KS 84067	Golf of Guinea, Ivory Coast	P	225000-10000BP	4°07'35''	-4°06'95'	-3500	Fredoux, A. (1994)
51	BM6	Lac de Barombi-Mbo, E-Cameroon	P	22000-11000BP	4°39'	9°24'	300	Brenac, P. (1988)
52	Gama2	Etang de Ngamakala, Congo	P	22170-540BP	-4°18'	15°14'	400	Elenga, H. (1992)
53	GeoB1008	Southeast-Atlantic, Congo fan	P	106000-1000BP	-6°35'6''	10°19'1''	-3100	Wefer, G. et al. (1988); Jahns, S. (1996)
54	GeoB1016	Southeast-Atlantic, Angola margin	P	301000-2000BP	-11°46.2'	11°40.9'	-3410	Shi, N. & Dupont, L. (1997), Wefer, G. et al. (1988)
55	GIK12309-1	Canary Islands, Atlantic, West-Africa	P	128000-12000BP	26°50'	-15°07'	-2760	Hooghiemstra, H. et al. (1986)
56	GIK123-10-4	Cape Barbas, Atlantic, West-Africa	P	128000-12000BP	23°29'9''	-17°43'0''	-3080	Agwu, C.O.C. & Beug, H.-J. (1982)
57	GIK12392-1	Cape Bojador, Atlantic, West-Africa	P	128000-10000BP	25°10'3''	-16°50'7''	-2575	Agwu, C.O.C. & Beug, H.-J. (1982)
58	GIK13209-2	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	18000BP	12°29'	-20°03'	-4729	Hooghiemstra, H. et al. (1987)
59	GIK13239-1	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	18000BP	13°53'	-18°19'	-3156	Hooghiemstra, H. et al. (1987)
60	GIK15627-3	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	864000-0BP	29°10'	-12°05'	-1024	Hooghiemstra, H. et al. (1992)
61	GIK15627-3	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	864000-0BP	29°10'	-12°05'	-1024	Hooghiemstra, H. et al. (1992)
62	GIK15669-1	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	479500-500BP	34°53'	-7°49'	-2030	Hooghiemstra, H. et al. (1992)
63	GIK16004-1	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	142000-12100BP	29°59'	-10°39'	-1512	Hooghiemstra, H. et al. (1992)
64	GIK16017-2	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	24000-7000BP	21°15'	17°48'	-800	Hooghiemstra, H. et al. (1986)
65	GIK16402-2	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	18000BP	14°28'	-20°33'	-4234	Hooghiemstra, H. et al. (1987)
66	GIK16415	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	732000-3000BP	9°34'	-19°06'	-3841	Dupont, L. M. & Agwu, C.O.C. (1992)
67	GIK16776	Atlantic, West-Africa, Liberia	P	442000-11000BP	3°44'	-11°24'	-4242	Lutze, G.F. et al. (1988)
68	GIK16856	Golf of Guinea, Niger Delta	P	142000-9000BP	4°48'	3°24'	-2860	Lutze, G.F. et al. (1988); Dupont, L. & Weinelt (1996)
69	GIK16867	Southeast-Atlantic, Gabon	P	141000-500BP	-2°12'	5°6'	-3890	Lutze, G.F. et al. (1988)
70	GIK16867-2	Southeast-Atlantic, Gabon	MF	141000-500BP	-2°12'	5°6'	-3890	Dupont, L. et al. (1998)
71	GIK80-17B	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	29000-0BP	33°37'	-9°25'	-2760	Agwu, C.O.C. & Beug, H.-J. (1982)
72	K100	Golf of Gabes, Tunisia	P	27000-2000BP	34°40'	11°10'	0	Brun, A. (1989)
73	K102	Golf of Gabes, Tunisia	P	21000-3500BP	34°40'	11°20'	0	Brun, A. (1989)
74	K103	Golf of Gabes, Tunisia	P	24000-3500BP	34°50'	11°30'	0	Brun, A. (1989)
75	K19	Golf of Gabes, Tunisia	P	27000-3500BP	34°20'	10°50'	0	Brun, A. (1989)
76	K21	Golf of Gabes, Tunisia	P	31000-4500BP	34°30'	11°00'	0	Brun, A. (1989)
77	KET80-03	Mediterranean Sea, Italy	MF	24800-1700BP	38°49'	14°30'	-1900	Kallel, N. et al. (1997)
78	KS12	Golf of Guinea	P	22000-6500BP	3°52'06''	-1°56'16''	-	Lézine, A. M. & Vergnaud-Grazzini, C. (1993)
79	KS84067	Atlantic (Ivory Coast)	P	200000-0BP	4°07'35''	4°06'95''	-	Fredoux, A. & Tastet, J.-P. (1988)
80	Ku-1	Kuruyange, Burundi	P	32500-3100BP	-3°28'	29°34'	2000	Bonnefille, R. et al. (1991)
81	KW23	Golf of Guinea, Congo	P	135000-9000BP	-3°46'5''	9°17'5'	-2330	Bengo, M. D. & Maley, J. (1991)
82	MD76135	Golf of Aden	P	115000-10000BP	14°26'6''	50°31'3''	0	Van Campo, M. et al. (1982)
83	MPU12	Tanganyika Basin	P	25000-9000BP	8°17'	30°25'	780	Vincens, A. (1991)
84	ODP658	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	663000-5000BP	20°44.95'	-18°34.85	-2263	Dupont, L. & Hooghiemstra, H. (1989)
85	RC 17-69	SW-Indian Ocean (Agulhas-Current)	MF	50000-0BP	32°30'	-32°06'	-	Hutson, W.H. (1980)
86	Sd-24	Lake Tanganyika, Tansania	P	32328-2640BP	-4°30'	29°20'	773	Vincens, A. (1993)
87	SU81-18	N-Atlantic, Spain	MF	17900-1300BP	37°46'	-10°11'	-3135	Kallel, N. et al. (1997)
88	V22-196	Atlantic, West-Africa	P	22000-6500BP	13°50'	-18°57'	-2955	Lézine, A.-M. (1991)